Jerusalem is considered one of the most ancient cities in the world. It was demolished and reconstructed more than eighteen times throughout history. It was established 5000 years BC by the Arab Jebusites who grow up in the heart of the Arabic peninsula. They moved with other Arabs, constructed Jerusalem and called it the city of peace.
Historians believe that all the residents of Jerusalem shared a Canaanite origins and their mother tongue was the Canaanite language. After the Babylon conquest, Persian was added as an official language. In the beginning, Canaanite people were shepherds and when they settled afterwards in Palestine it was named after them Canaan. Historians were in consensus that the first monuments recognized in Palestine were theirs. They were the first Palestinian inhabitants after departing the Arab peninsula.
Undoubtedly, Jerusalem has Islamic origins, since all the Messengers were sent from God with one religion which is Islam. God the Almighty says, "Indeed, the religion in the sight of God is Islam" [Quran 3: 19]. Islam is the first religion, because the Exalted is He sent Prophet Noah (peace be upon him) with the message of Islam, “And if you turn away [from my advice] then no payment have I asked of you. My reward is only from God, and I have been commanded to be of the Muslims" [Quran 10: 72]. God the Almighty also says, “And Abraham instructed his sons [to do the same] and [so did] Jacob, [saying], ‘O my sons, indeed God has chosen for you this religion, so do not die except while you are Muslims’” [Quran 2: 132]. God says about Lut (peace be upon him), “And We found not within them other than a [single] house of Muslims" [Quran 51: 36].

Al-Aqsa is the oldest Mosque inhabited for worshipping God after the Sacred Mosque. All the Prophets (peace be upon them) visited the blessed Mosque and offered prayers there. Abdullah ibn 'Umar (may God be pleased with them both) said, “The Prophets built and inhabited Bayt al-Maqdis and there is not an inch in Bait Al-Maqdis where a Prophet has not prayed or an Angel has not stood" (Al-Anas al-Jaleel bi Tarikh al-Quds wa al-Khalil 1/239).

 
When it comes to the construction of al-Aqsa Mosque, we would find it a matter which occupied the minds of both Muslim scholars and historians. There was a dispute over who founded its earliest construction, the first opinion is that Adam (peace be upon him) established the two Mosques (al-Masjid al-Haram and al-Aqsa). This opinion was mentioned by ibn al-Jawzy and the scholar of hadith, ibn Hajar, in his Fath al-Bari. He attested to what ibn Hisham mentioned in his book al-Teejan that when Adam built the Ka'baa, God commanded him to walk to Bayt al-Maqdis to build it. So, he did and worshipped God there. Based on this, Adam is the one who established al-Aqsa Mosque or one of his offspring because the interval of time between constructing the two Mosques is only forty years (Fath al-Bari 6/409).

The second opinion is that Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him) is the one who established Al-Aqsa Mosque as substantiated by evidence from Quran. If it is proved by textual evidence that he has built the Ka'baa, so building al-Aqsa Mosque is preponderantly acceptable due to time convergence of both Mosques.

Engineering specialized researchers confirmed the absolute similarity between the structures of the honorable Ka'baa and Al-Aqsa Mosque. By using 3D engineering application and without taking into consideration the two different areas of the Ka'baa and al-Aqsa Mosque, by means of maps and photos, researchers clarified the superposition of the four angles of the two structures. This supports with more scientific evidences the assumption that Adam (peace be upon him) built both Mosques and fixed their limits with inspiration from God the Almighty [Bayt al-Maqdis studies magazine].

Since the central message of every Prophet is Islam, it is therefore necessarily that Al-Aqsa Mosque is of Islamic origin. Prophets are brothers, have the same religion and their doctrines may differ. A person's faith is incomplete until he believes in all God's Messengers and Scriptures. God the Almighty says, “The Messenger has believed in what was revealed to him from his Lord, and [so have] the believers. All of them have believed in God and His angels and His Books and His Messengers” [Quran 2: 285].
 
The Islamic identity of Jerusalem is reinforced by being the first Qibla [direction of prayer] for Muslims. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions (may God be pleased with them) continued to pray towards Bayt al-Maqdes for 16 months until God the Almighty revealed to His Messenge (peace and blessings be upon him) to turn towards Al-Bayt Al-Haram, "We have certainly seen the turning of your face, [O Muhammad], toward the heaven, and We will surely turn you to a Qiblah with which you will be pleased. So turn your face toward Al-Masjid Al-Haram. And wherever you [believers] are, turn your faces toward it [in prayer]" [Qur`an 2: 144].
Changing the direction of prayer from Al-Aqsa Mosque to Ka'baa never affects the position of Jerusalem among Islamic sanctuaries and it is still the first of the two directions of prayer and the third Holiest Mosque to Muslims. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "The reward of a prayer in the Sacred Mosque (in Makkah) is worth 100,000 prayers, a prayer in my Mosque (in Medina) is worth 1,000 prayers and a prayer in Al-Aqsa Mosque (Jerusalem) is worth 500 prayers more than in any other mosque" [Bukhari].