What is the ruling regarding a person who refrains from attending congregational and Friday prayers due to a valid excuse?

Congregational prayer is recommended according to the majority of scholars. The inquirer may refrain from attending it, with no difference of opinion among the jurists, even according to the view that considers it obligatory, since he falls under the category of those with valid excuses.

As for the Friday prayer, it is well established in Islamic jurisprudence that any excuse which permits one to miss congregational prayer also permits one to miss the Friday prayer. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stated that the obligation of Friday prayer is lifted from the sick, who in this case, would perform the dhuhr prayer instead. Tariq ibn Shihab narrated that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “The Friday prayer is obligatory upon every Muslim in congregation, except four: a slave, a woman, a child, or a sick person” (recorded by Abu Dawud in his Sunan).

Based on the above, a person with a valid excuse is neither required to attend congregational prayer nor the Friday prayer. However, he is to perform the prayer at home as dhuhr.

And Allah Almighty knows best.